German shepherds make excellent search and rescue dogs.
Search and rescue teams suggest four characteristics that are needed in a search and rescue (SAR) dog. Professional search and rescue dog handlers prefer using certain breeds with the desired characteristics. The qualities listed are just a guideline. Ultimately, SAR canines are assessed using standards set by the American Dog Rescue Association.
Socialized
One characteristic needed in a search and rescue dog involves socialization. In addition to enjoying people, the dogs must also behave well around other dogs and animals. Dogs deemed too aggressive or submissive do not make the best search and rescue candidates. During training, handlers take the canines on walks to introduce diverse environments and perform scent play, an ability used while on the job. Animals requiring continuous restraint or who repeatedly snap at passersby are unsuccessful search and rescue candidates.
Obedient
Another characteristic needed in a search and rescue dog is obedience. SAR canines should be willing to please their handlers and follow commands immediately. Positive communication between a handler and his dog establishes an optimal working relationship. Obedient dogs who receive proper training will continue their mission even when tired, facing rugged terrain or dealing with an incapacitated handler. SAR teams secure crime scenes as needed. The actions of an ill-behaved dog can destroy evidence.
Calm Disposition
Calm dispositions are an important characteristic needed in search and rescue dogs. Placed in constantly changing and highly stressful situations, search and rescue animals need to be highly adaptive. SAR teams work some missions that are under time constraints. The dogs need the ability to tolerate loud noises. Gunfire, yelling and helicopters are all common elements of a search and rescue mission. Handlers must know their canines can perform the job without fear or hesitation.
Physically Fit
Physically fit dogs possess what might be the most important characteristic needed in search and rescue dogs. Dogs on a search and rescue mission could find themselves in a wide open field one minute and running up the side of a mountain the next. SAR canines must be able to keep up with and, in some cases, outrun their handlers. An agile dog can access smaller areas that might be inaccessible or dangerous for its handler. The physically demanding aspect of SAR disqualifies older dogs.
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